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U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation
Raquel B De Boni1, Jurema C Mota1, Felipe Barreto Schuch2
1Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
|October 19, 2023
Summary
The U-SMILE is a validated 24-item instrument for assessing lifestyle domains in university students. This tool demonstrates good psychometric properties, making it useful for evaluating overall lifestyle.
Area of Science:
- Lifestyle Medicine
- Psychometrics
- Student Health
Background:
- Lifestyle Medicine encompasses six key domains: diet, substance use, physical activity, stress management, social connection, and sleep.
- Comprehensive lifestyle assessment is challenging, leading to the development of the "Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation" (SMILE).
- This study focuses on creating and validating a shorter version of the SMILE for use with university students.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a shorter version of the SMILE instrument for assessing lifestyle in university students.
- To evaluate the psychometric properties of the new instrument, including internal consistency, concurrent validity, and convergent validity.
- To provide a practical tool for researchers and clinicians to assess student lifestyles.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 369 students from 10 Brazilian universities was conducted.
- Exploratory factor analysis was employed to develop a parsimonious and interpretable model.
- Psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and Spearman correlations with established instruments.
Main Results:
- The resulting 24-item instrument, named U-SMILE, demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.73, McDonald's ω = 0.79).
- High concurrent validity was found, with a strong correlation between U-SMILE and the original SMILE (Spearman's r = 0.94).
- Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with depression (PHQ-9, r = -0.517) and anxiety (GAD-7, r = -0.356) screening tools.
Conclusions:
- The U-SMILE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the overall lifestyle of university students.
- The study recommends using U-SMILE for evaluating comprehensive lifestyle scores rather than individual domain scores.
- Further research is needed to clarify definitions of lifestyle and related constructs.
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