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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

378
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

221
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Discourse coherence modulates use of predictive processing during sentence comprehension.

Georgia-Ann Carter1, Paul Hoffman2

  • 1Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation, School of Informatics; University of Edinburgh, UK.

Cognition
|October 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Readers slow down when discourse becomes incoherent, reducing their ability to predict upcoming words. This study shows discourse coherence influences lexical prediction during reading comprehension.

Keywords:
Discourse coherencePredictive processingSelf-paced reading

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Context is crucial for reading comprehension.
  • Predicting upcoming words aids lexical processing.
  • Global context and expectation violations influence prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if discourse coherence modulates lexical prediction.
  • Examine how readers adjust prediction based on discourse consistency.
  • Determine if readers downregulate prediction during incoherence.

Main Methods:

  • Online, self-paced reading experiments.
  • Manipulation of local facilitation via cloze probability.
  • Manipulation of discourse coherence using preambles and target sentences.

Main Results:

  • Slower reading in less coherent discourses.
  • Predictable words processed faster in coherent discourse.
  • Semantically anomalous words processed slower in coherent discourse.

Conclusions:

  • Readers are sensitive to discourse topic shifts.
  • Predictive processing is downregulated during discourse incoherence.
  • Comprehenders flexibly adjust prediction based on context reliability.