Catalytic Gasification and Reforming of Residual Biomass in a Bench Scale System with Low Cost Catalysts

This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using of different catalysts for reforming tars contained in the syngas of biomass gasifiers. The conversion of the tar content allows to obtain high quality syngas and to maximize the gas fraction. A bench scale equipment consisting of an autothermal fluidized bed gasifier and a downstream packed bed reformer was used. Pine sawdust was selected as the feedstock for gasification. TGA analysis showed that the temperature must be above 350 °C to ensure the ignition of the biomass and maintain the process in an autothermal steady-state. Dolomite and pyrolysis char were used to test of the fluidized bed catalysts. In the reformer, dolomite, pyrolysis char, iron doped activated carbon and spent HDS catalyst were used. All catalysts decreased the CO₂ concentration in the product gas and increased H₂ , CH₄ and CO. When iron doped activated carbon is used, tar contents below 60 g/Nm³ in the product gas could be obtained, reaching less than 1 g/Nm³ . The best value of LHV (lower heating value) was obtained with pyrolysis char as a catalyst (4.8 MJ/Nm³ ). The results demonstrate that catalytic biomass gasification with downstream tar reforming with low-cost catalysts is a promising solution for energy applications.