Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

941
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
941
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

990
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
990
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.4K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hyperbaric oxygen promotes not only glioblastoma proliferation but also chemosensitization by inhibiting HIF1α/HIF2α-Sox2.

Cell death discovery·2021
Same author

Biocompatible BSA-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles for <i>in vivo</i> timely permeability imaging of blood-brain barrier and prediction of hemorrhage transformation in acute ischemic stroke.

Nanoscale·2021
Same author

ML-DTI: Mutual Learning Mechanism for Interpretable Drug-Target Interaction Prediction.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2021
Same author

Oestrogen receptor alpha in papillary thyroid carcinoma: association with clinical features and BRAFV600E mutation.

Japanese journal of clinical oncology·2021
Same author

Rationale and design of a phase 3b, prospective, randomized, open label, blinded-endpoint, multicenter trial of the efficacy and safety of urokinase thrombolysis comparing with antiplatelet agents for patients with minor stroke.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2021
Same author

Dysiscalarones A-E, scalarane sesterterpenoids with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from marine sponge Dysidea granulosa.

Bioorganic chemistry·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt
11:10

Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

Published on: August 26, 2015

11.6K

Pseudo-spin-orbit-coupling-based manipulation of vector beams using electromagnetically induced transparency.

Lu Zhao

    Optics Express
    |October 20, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new model for vector beam evolution in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems. It demonstrates how pseudo-spin-orbit coupling controls light polarization for advanced information processing.

    More Related Videos

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    5.8K
    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
    10:52

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

    Published on: February 4, 2017

    9.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

    Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt
    11:10

    Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

    Published on: August 26, 2015

    11.6K
    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    5.8K
    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
    10:52

    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

    Published on: February 4, 2017

    9.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Optics
    • Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics

    Background:

    • Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) provides a quantum coherent effect to control light propagation.
    • Higher-Order Poincaré Sphere (HOPS) framework offers a geometric description for vector beam polarization states.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a general paradigm for investigating vector beam paraxial evolution in tripod EIT systems.
    • To introduce a quantum-optical analogy for analyzing light's spin-orbit coupling and nonseparability.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the EIT model and HOPS framework.
    • Developing a generalized Pauli-like equation with rotational invariance.
    • Introducing pseudo-spin-orbit coupling (PSOC) and analyzing its real and imaginary potentials.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated coexistence of PSOC and spin-orbit nonseparability in light.
    • Showcased the crucial role of PSOC potentials in controlling vector beam states across the HOPS.
    • Illustrated modification of transmitted polarization's orientation and ellipticity by varying PSOC coefficients.

    Conclusions:

    • Proposed an all-optical scheme for flexible tailoring of space-variant polarization in coherent media.
    • Highlighted the potential utility of tunable spatial-polarization multiplexing in information processing, including quantum applications.