Intracellular traffic and polarity in brain development
Martina Polenghi1, Elena Taverna1
1Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.
Frontiers in Neuroscience
|October 20, 2023
Summary
Cell polarity and intracellular traffic are vital for neural stem cell development. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) provide unique insights into neurodevelopmental roles of glycosylation and traffic.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cell Biology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Neural stem and progenitor cells generate neurons during human embryonic development through neurogenesis.
- Cell polarity, the asymmetric distribution of cellular components, is crucial for neural stem cell heterogeneity.
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) maintain cell polarity and are involved in protein/lipid glycosylation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the link between cell polarity, intracellular traffic, and neurodevelopment.
- To highlight the role of glycosylation in neural stem and progenitor cells.
- To explore how congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) inform neurodevelopmental research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on cell polarity, intracellular traffic, and glycosylation in neurogenesis.
- Analysis of studies on neuronal development to understand traffic and polarity mechanisms.
- Examination of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) as models for neurodevelopmental studies.
Main Results:
- Cell polarity is essential for neural stem cell morphology and function.
- Intracellular traffic and glycosylation are critical but underexplored aspects of neural stem cell biology.
- Studies on neurons have significantly advanced the understanding of traffic and polarity.
Conclusions:
- Understanding intracellular traffic and glycosylation is key to comprehending neurodevelopment.
- Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) offer a valuable window into the contribution of these processes to neurodevelopment.
- Further research into glycosylation and traffic in neural stem cells is warranted.
Keywords:
Golgi apparatusbrain developmentepithelial polarityneural stem and progenitor cellsneurodevelopmental disorderstrafficking organellesMore Related Videos
10:45In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures
Published on: October 14, 2021
3.5K
06:18Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
Published on: April 3, 2014
13.0K
Related Concept Videos
01:18Polarity of the Cytoskeleton
18.7K
The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
18.7K
01:21Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins
2.7K
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
2.7K
01:44Introduction to Membrane Traffic
7.1K
The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
7.1K
01:32Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration
4.8K
A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
4.8K
01:32Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures
1.8K
Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
1.8K
01:23Transcellular Transport of Solutes
3.6K
Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
3.6K