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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Two human brain systems micro-structurally associated with obesity.

Manfred G Kitzbichler1, Daniel Martins2, Richard A I Bethlehem1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Elife
|October 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity is linked to distinct brain changes: increased water in prefrontal areas and reduced neurite density in medial temporal regions. These findings suggest a two-way relationship between brain structure and obesity, influenced by genetics and immune function.

Keywords:
BMIGWASNODDIUK BiobankWHRhumanneuroscience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Obesity Research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The intricate relationship between obesity and human brain structure remains poorly understood.
  • Microstructural MRI metrics offer insights into brain tissue composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between obesity (waist-to-hip ratio) and brain microstructural metrics (isotropic volume fraction and intra-cellular volume fraction).
  • To explore the genetic underpinnings and inflammatory correlations of these obesity-associated brain changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion-weighted MRI data from approximately 30,000 UK Biobank participants.
  • Analyzed associations between waist-to-hip ratio and isotropic volume fraction (free water) and intra-cellular volume fraction (neurite density).
  • Examined genetic correlations and relationships with C-reactive Protein (CRP) maps.

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct brain systems associated with obesity: a prefrontal/temporal/striatal system for isotropic volume fraction and a medial temporal/occipital/striatal system for intra-cellular volume fraction.
  • Observed distinct gene expression patterns and receptor densities within these systems.
  • Found a significant genetic correlation between waist-to-hip ratio and intra-cellular volume fraction, but not isotropic volume fraction.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is associated with distinct alterations in brain water content and neurite density in specific neural systems.
  • Findings support a bidirectional model where brain structure may influence obesity risk (neurite density) and obesity may impact brain structure (water content via immune activation).
  • Suggests a potential role for innate immune pathways in mediating obesity's effects on brain water content.