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Updated: Jul 12, 2025
Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
Prospective comparative analysis of zero-heat-flux thermometer (SpotOn®) compared with tympanic thermometer and
Chunghyun Park1, Taeyeon Kim, Soojeong Oh
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Thermoregulation is important for maintaining homeostasis in the body. It can be easily broken under anesthesia. An appropriate method for measuring core body temperature is needed, especially for elderly patients, because the efficiency of thermoregulation gradually decreases with age. Zero-heat-flux (ZHF) thermometry (SpotOn) is an alternative, noninvasive method for continuous temperature monitoring at the skin surface. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy and feasibility of using the SpotOn sensor in lower extremity orthopedic surgery in elderly patients aged over 80 years by comparing a SpotOn sensor with 2 other reliable minimally invasive methods: a tympanic membrane thermometer and a bladder thermometer. This study enrolled 45 patients aged over 80 years who were scheduled to undergo lower extremity surgery. Body temperature was measured using a SpotOn sensor, a tympanic membrane thermometer and a bladder thermometer. Agreements between the SpotOn sensor and the other 2 methods were assessed using Bland and Altman plots for repeated measures adjusted for unequal numbers of measurements per patient. Compared with bladder temperature, bias and limits of agreement for SpotOn temperature were 0.07°C ± 0.58°C. Compared with tympanic membrane temperature, bias and limits of agreement for SpotOn temperature were -0.28°C ± 0.61°C. The 3M SpotOn sensor using the ZHF method for patients aged over 80 years undergoing lower extremity surgery showed feasible measurement value and sensitivity.
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01:27Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal
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01:13Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature
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