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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

690
The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
690
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

620
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
620
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

760
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
760
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

1.0K
Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called collision-induced...
1.0K
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

800
Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

5.6K
This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet VUV Synchrotron Radiation
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Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet VUV Synchrotron Radiation

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High-performance fixed-bed in situ mass analyzer-ISMA.

Arne Karlsson1, Rune Lødeng2, Karl Henrik Haugholt3

  • 1SINTEF Industry, Department of Process Technology, Forskningsveien 1, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|October 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new in situ mass analyzer (ISMA) coupled with a fixed-bed reactor enables sub-second, time-resolved studies of chemical reactions. This robust, automated system offers high mass resolution for diverse process conditions up to 700°C and 62 bars.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate, real-time monitoring of mass changes during chemical processes is crucial for understanding reaction kinetics and optimizing conditions.
  • Existing methods often lack the temporal resolution or operational range required for dynamic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate a novel high-performance fixed-bed reactor integrated with an in situ mass analyzer (ISMA).
  • To enable sub-second time-resolved mass change analysis under various chemical and physical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a fixed-bed reactor system incorporating an ISMA based on quartz crystal microbalance principles.
  • Optical measurement of quartz element oscillation frequency for mass determination.
  • Integration with feed systems, product analysis, and automated computer control for robust operation.

Main Results:

  • The ISMA achieves a mass resolution below 10 μg (typically 2-3 μg) for sample masses up to 500 mg.
  • The system operates reliably at temperatures up to 700°C and pressures up to 62 bars.
  • Demonstrated capability for time-resolved studies under varied experimental conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ISMA-reactor system provides a powerful tool for dynamic chemical process analysis.
  • Its high sensitivity, broad operational range, and automation facilitate detailed investigations of chemical reactions.
  • The instrument is designed for robustness, safety, and user-friendliness, making it suitable for diverse research applications.