Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

42.4K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
42.4K
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

25.9K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
25.9K
The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

49.2K
The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion. 
49.2K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

23.4K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
23.4K
Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy01:12

Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy

1.7K
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
1.7K
The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

54.5K
Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
54.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Zero-Energy Photoelectric Effect.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Widely tunable XUV harmonics using double IR pulses.

Optics express·2022
Same author

Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena: general discussion.

Faraday discussions·2022
Same author

Attosecond stable dispersion-free delay line for easy ultrafast metrology.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

Time-resolved diffraction: general discussion.

Faraday discussions·2021
Same author

Time-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy: general discussion.

Faraday discussions·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
00:07

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.5K

Emergence of Time from Quantum Interaction with the Environment.

Sebastian Gemsheim1, Jan M Rost1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study supports the relational concept of time by deriving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, accounting for system-environment interactions. This advances understanding of emergent time in quantum mechanics for dynamical and entangled systems.

More Related Videos

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

12.9K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
00:07

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.5K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

12.9K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Foundations of physics
  • Theoretical physics

Background:

  • The concept of emergent time was previously proposed by Page and Wootters, neglecting system-environment interactions.
  • Relational time theories explore time as an emergent property derived from system-environment relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide strong support for the relational concept of time.
  • To derive the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a system by including system-environment interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation from a global Hamiltonian.
  • Inclusion of system, environment, and their interaction without approximation.
  • Analysis within a quantum mechanical framework.

Main Results:

  • Successfully derived the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a system.
  • Demonstrated consistency with emergent time concepts that incorporate interactions.
  • Showcased the applicability to dynamical phenomena in interacting and entangled quantum systems.

Conclusions:

  • The inclusion of system-environment coupling strengthens the relational time approach.
  • This work bridges a gap in relational time theories by incorporating interactions.
  • The findings open new avenues for studying emergent time in complex quantum systems.