Molecularly modulating solvation structure and electrode interface enables dendrite-free zinc-ion batteries

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) face performance limitations due to zinc dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions.
• These issues compromise the cyclability and safety of AZIBs, hindering their practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effect of low-cost glucosamine hydrochloride (GLA) on the Zn anode/electrolyte interface in AZIBs.
• To improve the Zn plating/stripping reversibility and suppress dendrite formation in AZIBs using GLA.

Main Methods:

• Experimental characterization of the Zn anode/electrolyte interface with and without GLA.
• Theoretical calculations to understand GLA's interaction with Zn ions and the electrolyte.
• Fabrication and testing of Zn//Zn symmetric cells and Zn-Mn batteries using the modified electrolyte.

Main Results:

• GLA adsorbs onto the Zn metal surface, forming a protective interface that reduces active water and suppresses side reactions.
• GLA addition regulates Zn2+ ion flux, promotes desolvation, and significantly inhibits zinc dendrite growth.
• Zn//Zn symmetric cells with GLA exhibit superior cyclic stability and lower voltage hysteresis; Zn-Mn batteries show boosted capacity and improved long-term performance.

Conclusions:

• Glucosamine hydrochloride is an effective and low-cost additive for enhancing the performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries.
• The modified electrolyte system provides a promising pathway for developing high-efficiency and stable zinc-based energy storage devices.