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Association of Time in Bed, Social Jetlag, and Sleep Disturbances With Cognitive Performance in Children With ADHD

Xueqi Qu1, Luther G Kalb1,2, Calliope Holingue1

  • 1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|October 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Social jetlag, or inconsistent sleep schedules, negatively impacts cognitive functions like processing speed and reasoning in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This highlights the importance of regular sleep timing for ADHD symptom management.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with sleep disturbances.
  • The relationship between specific sleep parameters and cognitive deficits in children with ADHD remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between sleep-related constructs (time in bed, social jetlag, sleep disturbances) and cognitive performance in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 350 children (aged 5-12) with ADHD was assessed.
  • Sleep-related constructs were measured using caregiver-report questionnaires.
  • Linear regression models were employed to analyze the associations with cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • Greater social jetlag was significantly associated with poorer processing speed, visually-based reasoning, and language-based reasoning.
  • Time in bed and general sleep disturbances showed minimal association with cognitive performance after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions:

  • Social jetlag, characterized by discrepancies in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends, is a significant factor linked to cognitive dysfunction in children with ADHD.
  • Unlike general sleep disturbances or time in bed, managing social jetlag may be crucial for improving cognitive outcomes in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDchildrencognitive performancesleep

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