Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Oxazole-Incorporated Naphthyridine...

A novel series of oxazole incorporated naphthyridine (21 a-j) derivatives were designed and, synthesized followed by screening of their anticancer activity profiles against human breast cancer (MCF-7), human lung cancer (A549) and human prostate (PC3 & DU-145) cancer cell lines by employing MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay using etoposide as the positive control. Of these compounds, N-(6-chloro-3-(4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)oxazol-2-yl)-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl)oxazol-2-amine with 3,4,5-trimethoxy substituent on the aryl moiety attached to oxazole ring showed potent anticancer activity against PC3, A549, MCF-7, and DU-145 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 0.13±0.095 μM; 0.10±0.084 μM; 0.18±0.087 μM and 0.15±0.076 μM respectively. Apart from this, compounds N-(6-chloro-3-(4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)oxazol-2-yl)-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl)oxazol-2-amine, N-(6-chloro-3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-2-yl)-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl)oxazol-2-amine, and N-(6-chloro-3-(4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazol-2-yl)-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl)oxazol-2-amine also showed better anticancer activities against four cancer cell lines screened for. These activities were also validated through the molecular docking simulations, which further indicated demonstration of better interaction energy and profile by these compounds.