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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
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COVID-19 and the eye.

Christian Gronbeck1, Andrzej Grzybowski2, Jane M Grant-Kels3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

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Summary

Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 include conjunctivitis and hyperemia. This review guides healthcare providers on diagnosing and managing eye conditions related to COVID-19 and its vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Growing literature details ocular manifestations of COVID-19.
  • Understanding these manifestations is crucial for patient care.
  • Ocular involvement can range from mild to severe.

Approach:

  • Systematic review of published literature, including reviews, cross-sectional analyses, and clinical reports.
  • Synthesis of data on ocular findings in COVID-19 patients.
  • Assessment of vaccine-related ocular side effects.

Key Points:

  • Conjunctivitis and conjunctival hyperemia are the most common ocular findings in COVID-19.
  • Rarer ocular conditions may require specific topical treatments.
  • COVID-19 vaccines are rarely associated with significant ocular side effects needing ophthalmologist referral.
  • Ocular transmission of COVID-19 is low risk, but eye protection is advised for healthcare providers in high-risk settings.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides guidance for assessing and managing patients with eye complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • It aids in appropriate diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and referral for ocular manifestations.
  • Emphasizes the importance of recognizing both disease-related and vaccine-related ocular issues.