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The evolution of cervical cancer screening
Amy A Swanson1, Liron Pantanowitz2
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota.
Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology
|October 21, 2023
Summary
Cervical cancer screening has evolved significantly, from early cell detection to HPV testing and AI. This progress supports the World Health Organization
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Cervical cancer incidence has seen a historic reduction due to medical advancements.
- Key milestones include cytologic examination, screening programs, and the discovery of the human papillomavirus (HPV) link.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical evolution of cervical cancer screening methods.
- To highlight advancements in accuracy and efficiency, including AI applications.
- To support the World Health Organization's goal of global cervical cancer elimination.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of cervical cancer screening milestones.
- Discussion of cytologic examination and Papanicolaou test evolution.
- Analysis of current HPV-based testing and emerging AI-driven systems.
Main Results:
- Significant progress in reducing cervical cancer incidence over the past century.
- Transition from cytology to HPV-based testing as a primary screening strategy.
- Emergence of artificial intelligence to enhance digitalized cytology image analysis.
Conclusions:
- Cervical cancer screening has undergone transformative advancements.
- Continued innovation, including AI, is crucial for optimizing screening.
- Global efforts are focused on eliminating cervical cancer through effective screening.
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