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High-free Fatty Acid Treatment Induced Anti-inflammatory Changes in a Natural Killer (NK) Cell Line
Hong Wu1,2,3, Yanqi Fu1,2, Yuhuan Jiang4
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330052, China.
Background:
Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases related to obesity. While our initial findings have indicated a potential involvement of NK cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the precise mechanism underlying NK cell-mediated development of this form of diabetes remains inadequately comprehended.
Objective:
To investigate the impact and the underlying mechanism of high glucose and elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) on immune and inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in NK92 cells.
Methods:
In this experiment, the CCK8 cytotoxicity assay was used to select the 44.4 mM and 1.5 mM concentrations of high glucose and high FFAs, respectively, to treat NK92 cells for 4 days. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were determined using a biochemical analyzer. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cytokines concentrations (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10), and the expression levels of intracellular molecules (perforin and granzyme B) were assessed by flow cytometry.
Results:
The number of NK92 cell clumps was significantly reduced in the high-FFA (HF) group. In addition, the production of ROS and levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10) significantly decreased in the HF group but showed no significant change in the high-glucose (HG) group. This observation was consistent with the expression levels of perforin and granzyme B that decreased in the HF group.
Conclusion:
High FFAs induced morphological changes and serious damage to oxidative stress and inflammatory response in NK92 cells.
Insights
High free fatty acids (FFAs) significantly damage natural killer (NK) cells, impacting oxidative stress and inflammation. High glucose did not show similar effects on NK92 cells in this study.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Natural killer (NK) cells are implicated in metabolic diseases linked to obesity.
- The exact mechanisms of NK cell involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how high glucose and high free fatty acids (FFAs) affect immune responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress in NK92 cells.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.
Main Methods:
- NK92 cells were treated with high glucose or high FFAs for 4 days.
- Assays included CCK8 cytotoxicity, biochemical analysis for SOD and GSH, and flow cytometry for ROS, cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10), and intracellular molecules (perforin, granzyme B).
Main Results:
- High FFAs reduced NK92 cell clumps, ROS production, and levels of key cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10).
- Expression of perforin and granzyme B also decreased in the high FFA group.
- High glucose did not significantly alter these parameters.
Conclusions:
- High FFAs induce significant morphological changes and impair oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in NK92 cells.
- These findings highlight the detrimental impact of elevated FFAs on NK cell function, potentially contributing to metabolic dysfunction.
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