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Manganese Mineralization of Pathogenic Viruses as a Universal Vaccine Platform
Pan-Deng Shi1, Yan-Peng Xu2, Zhu Zhu1,3
1State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
Abstract:
Biomimetic viral mineralization improves viral vaccine stability and immunogenicity using inorganic metals such as Ca, Al, or Fe. Mn is a metal found in high concentrations in mammalian tissues; however, under natural or laboratory conditions, Mn mineralization by medical viruses has yet to be established. Herein, a single IAV particle is successfully encapsulated with manganese phosphate (MnP) under specific conditions using the human influenza A virus (IAV). MnP-mineralized IAVs (IAV@Mn) exhibited physiochemical and in vitro properties similar to Ca-mineralized IAVs. In animal models, IAV@Mn shows limited replication in immune-competent cells and a significant attenuation compared to naïve cells. Moreover, a single-dose vaccination with IAV@Mn induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferred significant protection against a wild-type IAV challenge in mice. Thus, Mn mineralization in pathogenic viruses provides a rapid and universal strategy for generating an emergency vaccine in response to emerging viruses.
Insights
Manganese mineralization of influenza A virus (IAV) creates a stable vaccine candidate. This novel biomimetic approach using manganese phosphate (MnP) shows promise for rapid emergency vaccine development against emerging viral threats.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Virology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Biomimetic mineralization enhances viral vaccine stability and immunogenicity.
- Manganese (Mn) is abundant in mammalian tissues but its mineralization by viruses is underexplored.
- Existing methods utilize metals like Ca, Al, or Fe for viral mineralization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish manganese phosphate (MnP) mineralization for medical viruses.
- To investigate the properties and efficacy of MnP-mineralized human influenza A virus (IAV).
- To evaluate MnP-mineralized IAV as a potential vaccine candidate.
Main Methods:
- Successful encapsulation of single IAV particles with manganese phosphate (MnP) under specific conditions.
- Characterization of physiochemical and in vitro properties of MnP-mineralized IAV (IAV@Mn).
- Assessment of IAV@Mn replication, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in animal models.
Main Results:
- IAV@Mn demonstrated physiochemical and in vitro properties comparable to Ca-mineralized IAVs.
- IAV@Mn exhibited limited replication in immune-competent cells and significant attenuation.
- A single dose of IAV@Mn vaccination induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and protected mice against wild-type IAV challenge.
Conclusions:
- Manganese mineralization is a viable strategy for pathogenic viruses.
- MnP-mineralized IAV (IAV@Mn) serves as an effective single-dose vaccine candidate.
- This biomimetic approach offers a rapid and universal strategy for emergency vaccine development against emerging viruses.
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