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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Current Perspective.

Arun K Pande1, Deep Dutta2, Rajiv Singla3

  • 1Consultant Endocrinologist, Lucknow Endocrine Diabetes and Thyroid Clinic, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventing type 1 diabetes (T1D) could improve lives, but challenges remain in identifying at-risk individuals and finding effective strategies. Recent advancements offer hope for secondary prevention in children with autoimmunity.

Keywords:
Indian perspectivepreventionteplizumabtype 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) significantly impacts patients' quality of life, despite improving therapies.
  • T1D is an autoimmune condition triggered by genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
  • Successful T1D prevention could benefit millions globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of type 1 diabetes.
  • To discuss the applicability of these preventive strategies within the Indian context.
  • To highlight advancements in secondary prevention for T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on T1D prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of primary and secondary prevention approaches.
  • Consideration of country-specific factors like incidence, prevalence, and healthcare resources.

Main Results:

  • Primary prevention is challenging due to difficulties in identifying at-risk populations and lack of effective strategies.
  • Secondary prevention has been advanced by Teplizumab's approval for children with autoimmunity.
  • Preventive strategy application varies based on national health resources and disease burden.

Conclusions:

  • Developing effective T1D prevention strategies is crucial for improving patient and family well-being.
  • Targeting autoimmune triggers, environmental factors, and immune responses are key prevention avenues.
  • Context-specific approaches are necessary for successful T1D prevention globally, particularly in regions like India.