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Role of Hippocampus in Memory

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Published on: May 23, 2011

Time-course adaptive changes in hippocampal transcriptome and synaptic function induced by simulated microgravity

Rong Liang¹, Ling Wang^1,2,3, Qing Yang¹

¹Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

|October 23, 2023

Summary

Cognitive function, including working memory, is maintained or enhanced in simulated microgravity. Gene expression and synaptic changes in the hippocampus underlie these time-dependent effects.

Keywords:

RNA sequencing cognition hippocampus simulated microgravity synaptic plasticity

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Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

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Published on: May 23, 2011

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

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Published on: August 11, 2019

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

Published on: January 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Space Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cognitive function in microgravity is poorly understood.
Mechanisms of cognitive changes during spaceflight are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate cognitive function and underlying mechanisms in simulated microgravity.
Examine short-term and long-term effects on cognition and gene expression.

Main Methods:

Behavioral tests assessed cognitive performance.
Electrophysiological recordings evaluated synaptic plasticity.
RNA sequencing analyzed hippocampal gene expression.

Main Results:

Spatial cognition and working memory improved in simulated microgravity.
Hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic plasticity was impaired.
Short-term microgravity altered synaptic-related gene expression; long-term exposure affected oxidative stress and metabolism genes.

Conclusions:

Cognitive function is maintained or enhanced in simulated microgravity.
Time-dependent changes in gene expression and synaptic function contribute to cognitive adaptations.
This study provides a foundation for understanding cognitive mechanisms during spaceflight.