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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Effect of Harvey Rat Sarcoma Virus Mutation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Influence on Different

Mudiyayirakkani Muthusamy1, Pratibha Ramani2, Paramasivam Arumugam3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, IND.

Cureus
|October 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Mutations in the Harvey rat sarcoma virus (HRAS) oncogene disrupt cell regulation, driving cancer initiation. This review explores HRAS

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genes provide information for protein synthesis, controlling cell growth, differentiation, maturation, and death.
  • Mutations in genes like Harvey rat sarcoma virus (HRAS) can disrupt these functions, leading to cancerous cell transformation.
  • HRAS is an oncogene crucial for regulating cell division; its mutations are implicated in various cancers, particularly head and neck cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the unexplored mechanisms of HRAS mutations in the initiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  • To systematically review and summarize the role of HRAS mutations in the pathogenesis of OSCC.
  • To inspect the molecular network of HRAS and its contribution to carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
  • Analysis focused on Ras-dependent mutations and their impact on the Ras-Raf-MAPK signaling pathway.
  • The review examined the molecular network and signaling pathways involved in HRAS-mediated carcinogenesis.

Main Results:

  • HRAS mutations deregulate the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, affecting upstream and downstream components and leading to tumorigenesis.
  • Ras mutations can impact the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway at various stages, influencing cell division, differentiation, growth, survival, and the cell cycle.
  • The frequency and type of HRAS mutation influence disease outcomes and cellular responses.

Conclusions:

  • HRAS mutations play a vital role in the molecular network driving carcinogenesis, particularly in OSCC.
  • Understanding HRAS mutation mechanisms is crucial for elucidating OSCC pathogenesis.
  • The intricate balance of molecular networks, influenced by signaling molecules, is critical for determining cellular outcomes in cancer development.
Keywords:
gene mutationgtp-ase activating proteinhrasoral squamous cell carcinomasignaling pathway

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