Spontaneous Splenic Rupture Unveiled: A Non-traumatic Case Associated With Infective Endocarditis

Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition often associated with trauma. However, SSR can occur without evident trauma, presenting unique diagnostic challenges. We present a case report of a 32-year-old postpartum female who experienced sudden-onset abdominal pain and was diagnosed with SSR. Despite the absence of trauma, she exhibited hypovolemic shock, requiring rapid intervention. Diagnostic imaging, including CT scans, revealed a substantial splenic laceration, which led to an emergent splenectomy. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by infective endocarditis (IE) with aortic involvement, elucidated as the underlying cause of SSR. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement, received antibiotic therapy, and achieved a successful recovery. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, timely intervention, and collaboration among diverse medical specialties in managing SSR cases. Furthermore, it highlights the potential link between SSR and IE, emphasizing the meaning of considering infectious etiologies even in non-traumatic scenarios. Early identification of the underlying cause is crucial for effective management and positive patient outcomes in cases of SSR.