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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

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In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
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Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer in a Referral Center for Colorectal Cancer: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Margarida Gomes Gonçalves1, Joana Silva2, Tânia Carvalho1

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GE Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology
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Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer is more common in the proximal colon and linked to cardiovascular risk factors, family history, and prior cholecystectomy. These factors aid in identifying high-risk individuals for improved surveillance.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Colonoscopy is effective for detecting colorectal lesions but interval cancers can still occur.
  • Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) refers to cancers diagnosed after a negative colonoscopy within the recommended surveillance interval.
  • Identifying risk factors for PCCRC is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify characteristics and risk factors associated with postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer - interval type.
  • To analyze clinical, demographic, and endoscopic variables in PCCRC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between January 2018 and December 2019.
  • Comparison of patients with PCCRC-interval type versus non-PCCRC-interval type.
  • Statistical analysis including multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis.

Main Results:

  • 12.4% of colorectal cancers were classified as PCCRC-interval type.
  • PCCRC was more prevalent in the proximal colon (p=0.014).
  • Risk factors included two or more cardiovascular risk factors (aOR=4.25), prior cholecystectomy (aOR=10.09), and family history of colorectal cancer (aOR=4.25).

Conclusions:

  • PCCRC is associated with specific patient characteristics and risk factors.
  • Family history, cardiovascular risk factors, and cholecystectomy history are significant indicators for PCCRC.
  • These findings can inform future strategies for PCCRC prevention and surveillance.