Molecular mechanisms underlying physical exercise-induced brain BDNF overproduction

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Exercise Physiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Physical exercise (EX) is a potent non-pharmacological intervention for improving brain health and preventing cognitive decline.
• EX positively impacts neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, enhancing learning and memory.
• Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is recognized as a key mediator of EX's beneficial effects on the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced brain BDNF production.
• To provide a cohesive overview of neuronal, hemodynamic, and humoral pathways influencing cerebral BDNF.
• To elucidate the relationship between EX and cerebral BDNF for potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on exercise, BDNF, and brain health.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms of BDNF regulation in response to physical activity.
• Synthesis of evidence supporting neuronal, hemodynamic, and exerkine signaling pathways.

Main Results:

• EX increases cerebral BDNF through multiple mechanisms.
• Neuronal-dependent overexpression, increased cerebral blood flow, and exerkine signaling contribute to elevated BDNF.
• These pathways collectively enhance brain function and resilience.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the mechanisms of EX-induced BDNF production is crucial for developing brain health strategies.
• Targeting these pathways could offer therapeutic benefits for cognitive disorders and neurodegeneration.
• EX represents a vital strategy for promoting long-term brain health and function.