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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
Published on: July 27, 2022
Highly effective ashless and non-corrosive dimercaptobenzothiadiazole as multifunctional lubricant additives in
Chiu Ling Ong1, Yew Chong Lai2, Thorsten Heidelberg3
1Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia jcjuan@um.edu.my.
Abstract:
The conventional medium chain chlorinated paraffin (MCCP) and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) additives have greatly enhanced the extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear (AW) performance of the metalworking fluids. However, chlorine- and zinc-containing additives are restricted in use due to eco-toxicity issue. Herein, ashless and non-corrosive dimercaptobenzothiadiazole derivatives, namely bis-2,5-benzylsulfanyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazole (BBST) and bis-2,5-octylsulfanyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazole (BOST) consist of three sulfur atoms have been synthesized and evaluated. The performance of BBST shows a weld load (PD) of 3089 N and AW value of 5 mm2, which represents an improvement of 3.1 and 7.4 folds over naphthenic base oil (NBO). In addition, BBST also outperformed BOST, MCCP, and ZDDP in terms of its weld load and AW properties. Based on XPS analysis and molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEPS), BBST exhibits superior tribology performance due to the interaction between the sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), and π-electrons of the benzene ring with the metal surface. The formation of FeS, Fe2O3 and Fe⋯N coordinate bonds contributes to the creation of an excellent tribofilm.
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