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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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Biologics in allergic rhinitis.

N Bayar Muluk1, C Cingi

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey. nbayarmuluk@yahoo.com.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|October 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biologics like Omalizumab and Dupilumab show promise for treating allergic rhinitis (AR). These advanced therapies, including Anti-IgE and Anti-IL-4/IL-13 agents, offer improved symptom control and reduced medication needs in AR patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Pharmacology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent condition impacting quality of life.
  • Traditional treatments for AR have limitations, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Biologic agents represent a new frontier in managing complex allergic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on biologic agents for allergic rhinitis (AR).
  • To detail the efficacy and application of specific biologics, including Omalizumab, Dupilumab, Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, and Benralizumab.
  • To assess the role of these agents in AR treatment, particularly in severe or refractory cases.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO Academic Search Ultimate, and regulatory agency websites (FDA, EMA).
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials, placebo-controlled studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and reports from 2000-2021.
  • Keywords included "allergic rhinitis," "biologics," specific drug names, and antibody targets (e.g., Anti-IgE, Anti-IL-4/IL-13, Anti-IL-5).

Main Results:

  • Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) improved nasal rescue medication scores and reduced antiallergic drug use in AR and rhino-conjunctivitis.
  • Omalizumab also demonstrated a role in mitigating allergic reactions during immunotherapy.
  • Dupilumab (Anti-IL-4/IL-13) significantly improved sino-nasal outcomes in perennial AR.
  • Anti-IL-5 agents (Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, Benralizumab) reduce eosinophils and corticosteroid dependence, primarily approved for severe eosinophilic asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Biologics, particularly Omalizumab and Dupilumab, are emerging as valuable therapeutic options for allergic rhinitis.
  • These agents offer targeted mechanisms of action, addressing specific inflammatory pathways in AR.
  • Further research and clinical application are expected to expand the use of biologics in AR management.