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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Proper Positioning and Restraint of a Rat Hind Limb for Focused High Resolution Imaging of Bone Micro-architecture Using In Vivo Micro-computed Tomography
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Examination under anesthesia: Preferred Practice.

Hennaav Kaur Dhillon1, Sumita Agarkar1, Lingam Vijaya2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric eye exams under anesthesia (EUA) are crucial for a thorough ophthalmic assessment when children cannot cooperate. This protocol ensures a complete examination, not just a single measurement, for better diagnosis and surgical planning.

Keywords:
Congenital cataractcongenital glaucomacycloplegic refractionelectrophysiological testsexamination under anesthesiaintraocular pressureretinal dystrophies

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Pediatric ocular examinations in outpatient settings are frequently hindered by limited child cooperation.
  • Comprehensive ophthalmic assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis and management of pediatric eye conditions.
  • Evaluation under anesthesia (EUA) or sedation offers a viable solution for detailed pediatric eye examinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a standardized protocol for conducting a complete pediatric ophthalmic examination under anesthesia (EUA).
  • To emphasize the importance of a holistic examination during EUA, beyond single diagnostic tasks.
  • To guide clinicians in optimizing the use of EUA for diagnosis, management, and surgical planning in pediatric ophthalmology.

Main Methods:

  • The study outlines a protocol for performing a comprehensive ophthalmic examination during EUA.
  • It suggests integrating diagnostic and therapeutic procedures within the EUA framework.
  • The protocol emphasizes baseline data collection for surgical planning.

Main Results:

  • EUA facilitates a complete and detailed ophthalmic examination in pediatric patients.
  • It allows for combined diagnostic procedures (e.g., corneal scrapings) and minor interventions (e.g., suture removal).
  • EUA provides critical baseline data for pre-operative planning and refinement of surgical strategies.

Conclusions:

  • A structured protocol for pediatric evaluation under anesthesia (EUA) is vital for comprehensive ophthalmic care.
  • EUA should be utilized for a complete eye assessment, including diagnosis and surgical planning, not just isolated measurements.
  • Implementing this protocol can improve diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcomes in pediatric eye conditions.