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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Published on: November 6, 2017

Retinal changes in generalized anxiety disorder patients.

Sema Baykara¹, Aslı Kazğan², Hakan Yıldırım³

¹Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Psychiatry and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine

|October 23, 2023

Summary

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is linked to reduced macular volume in the retina, detectable by optical coherence tomography (OCT). This suggests OCT may aid in monitoring GAD patients.

Keywords:

anxiety disorders nerve fibers optical coherence retina tomography

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution imaging of biological tissues, including the retina.
Retinal changes may reflect cranial structural or functional alterations, relevant for neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) involves factors like free radicals, inflammation, and neurotransmission disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate retinal changes in patients with GAD using OCT.
To compare OCT-derived morphometric and quantitative retinal measurements between GAD patients and healthy controls.
To explore potential neurodegenerative indicators in the retina associated with GAD.

Main Methods:

A case-control study involving 21 patients diagnosed with GAD.
A control group of 21 healthy individuals without psychiatric or organic diseases, including ocular conditions.
High-resolution cross-sectional imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Main Results:

Statistically significant differences in macular volume (MV) were observed between GAD patients and controls, with lower MV in the GAD group.
Positive correlations were found between anxiety/severity scores (BDI, BAE, CGI) and retinal measurements (MV, GCLT, RNFLT).
Specific retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) showed significant associations with GAD severity.

Conclusions:

OCT analysis revealed significantly lower macular volume in GAD patients compared to controls.
Retinal changes detected by OCT may serve as indicators for GAD.
OCT is a simple, non-invasive tool that could supplement the follow-up and screening of GAD patients.