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Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

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Published on: August 5, 2021

An Ultraflexible Electrode Array for Large-Scale Chronic Recording in the Nonhuman Primate Brain.

Yixin Tian¹, Jiapeng Yin^2,3, Chengyao Wang¹

¹Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|October 23, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a new ultraflexible microelectrode array for chronic neural recording in nonhuman primates. This technology enables high-density, large-scale recordings, advancing brain research and brain-machine interfaces.

Keywords:

brain-machine interfaces motor cortex nonhuman primates single-unit recordings ultraflexible electrode arrays visual cortex

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Single-unit recording in nonhuman primates is crucial for understanding brain function.
Current electrodes face limitations in signal longevity, stability, and spatial coverage.
There is a need for advanced neural recording tools in primate models.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a mechanically robust, ultraflexible microelectrode array for chronic neural recording in nonhuman primates.
To overcome the limitations of existing electrodes for high-density, large-scale, and long-term neural recordings.
To explore applications in basic neuroscience and brain-machine interfaces.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a 1 µm thin, ultraflexible microelectrode array (MERF) using novel structural materials and microfabrication techniques.
Development of penetration techniques for pial insertion into the nonhuman primate brain.
Chronic recording of neural activity from the primary visual cortex (V1) and primary motor cortex (M1) in three monkeys.

Main Results:

Successful chronic recording of 2,913 single units from 1,065 channels over 240 days, with some units tracked for up to 2 months.
Demonstrated high-density, large-scale recording along vertical and horizontal cortical axes.
Observed higher spike correlation between neurons with similar orientation preferences in V1.
Identified preferential firing patterns of neurons in different M1 layers corresponding to hand movement directions.
Achieved on-line control of cursor movement using a linear decoder trained on M1 neural activity.

Conclusions:

The MERF electrode array provides a robust tool for high-density, large-scale, and chronic neural recording in the nonhuman primate brain.
This technology facilitates detailed investigation of neural circuits and dynamics in both sensory and motor cortices.
MERF opens new avenues for advanced brain-machine interface applications in primate models.