Rational Integration of SnMOF/SnO₂ Hybrid on TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays: An Effective Strategy for Accelerating...

Formaldehyde is ubiquitously found in the environment, meaning that real-time monitoring of formaldehyde, particularly indoors, can have a significant impact on human health. However, the performance of commercially available interdigital electrode-based sensors is a compromise between active material loading and steric hindrance. In this work, a spaced TiO₂ nanotube array (NTA) was exploited as a scaffold and electron collector in a formaldehyde sensor for the first time. A Sn-based metal-organic framework was successfully decorated on the inside and outside of TiO₂ nanotube walls by a facile solvothermal decoration strategy. This was followed by regulated calcination, which successfully integrated the preconcentration effect of a porous Sn-based metal-organic framework (SnMOF) structure and highly active SnO₂ nanocrystals into the spaced TiO₂ NTA to form a Schottky heterojunction-type gas sensor. This SnMOF/SnO₂@TiO₂ NTA sensor achieved a high room-temperature formaldehyde response (1.7 at 6 ppm) with a fast response (4.0 s) and recovery (2.5 s) times. This work provides a new platform for preparing alternatives to interdigital electrode-based sensors and offers an effective strategy for achieving target preconcentrations for gas sensing processes. The as-prepared SnMOF/SnO₂@TiO₂ NTA sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, flexibility, and convenience, showing excellent potential as a miniaturized device for medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and other intelligent sensing systems.