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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Ostwald’s Dilution Law01:25

Ostwald’s Dilution Law

Consider a binary electrolyte AB with a concentration ‘c’ that reversibly dissociates into its constituent ions. The degree of this dissociation is represented by ⍺. This means that the equilibrium concentration of each ionic species can be expressed as ⍺c. As well as this, the fraction of the electrolyte that remains undissociated at equilibrium is given by (1−⍺). The corresponding equilibrium concentration for this undissociated portion is then calculated as (1−⍺)c. For such solutions,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell &#8211; Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
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Atom counting based on Voronoi averaged STEM intensities using a crosstalk correction scheme.

Florian F Krause1, Andreas Rosenauer2

  • 1Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

Ultramicroscopy
|October 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel algebraic method to correct signal crosstalk in atom counting using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The technique significantly improves measurement precision for atomic-scale thickness determination.

Keywords:
Atom countingHAADFPrecision thickness measurementsQuantitative STEMTEM

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is crucial for precise thickness measurements at atomic resolution, often termed 'atom counting'.
  • Signal intensity in STEM is affected by neighbouring atomic columns (crosstalk), especially in thicker specimens, reducing measurement accuracy.
  • Accounting for all neighbour configurations is computationally challenging, hindering precise atom counting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for a-posteriori crosstalk reduction in STEM atom counting.
  • To enhance the accuracy and precision of thickness measurements in atomic-scale analysis.
  • To provide a computationally efficient approach for correcting crosstalk effects.

Main Methods:

  • A parametric model was developed to describe crosstalk effects in STEM imaging.
  • Crosstalk was represented by an invertible matrix, allowing for algebraic correction.
  • The method was validated using multislice simulations and applied to crystalline gold and gold nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • The proposed algebraic method effectively reduces crosstalk with minimal computational cost.
  • Crosstalk-corrected intensity values enable direct comparison with reference data for improved accuracy.
  • Simulative studies demonstrated a significant and robust improvement in measurement precision.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a powerful tool for accurate atom counting in STEM.
  • It overcomes limitations of previous methods by efficiently correcting crosstalk effects.
  • This technique promises to advance atomic-resolution thickness measurements in materials science.