Advanced biotechnology strategies for detoxification of persistent organic pollutants and toxic elements in soil

This paper aims to comprehensively examine and present the current state of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements (TEs) in soil. Additionally, it seeks to assess the viability of employing advanced biotechnology, specifically phytoremediation with potent microbial formulations, as a means of detoxifying POPs and TEs. In the context of the "global treaty," which is known as the Stockholm Convention, we analyzed the 3D chemical structures of POPs and its prospects for living organisms which have not been reviewed up to date. The obstacles associated with the phytoremediation strategy in biotechnology, including issues like slow plant growth and limited efficiency in contaminant uptake, have also been discussed and demonstrated. While biotechnology is recognized as a promising method for detoxifying persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and facilitating the restoration of contaminated and degraded lands, its full potential in the field is constrained by various factors. Recent advances in biotechnology, such as microbial enzymes, designer plants, composting, and nanobiotechnology techniques, have opened up new avenues for mitigating persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements (TEs). The insights gained from this review can contribute to the development of innovative, practical, and economically viable approaches for remediating and restoring soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements (TEs). The ultimate aim is to reduce the risks to both human and environmental health.