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Changes in Bronchiolitis Characteristics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Description of Pediatric Emergency

Anna Jurlina Bs1, Timothy Maul2,3, Parker Hunsaker Bs1

  • 1College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
|October 24, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Bronchiolitis cases dropped significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic but returned to normal levels by 2021. Treatment changes, like reduced steroid and bronchodilator use, were linked to new clinical guidelines.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a common viral respiratory infection in infants and young children.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted healthcare practices and disease patterns globally.
  • Understanding bronchiolitis trends and management during the pandemic is crucial for pediatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the trends in bronchiolitis cases and resource utilization in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To evaluate the impact of the pandemic on diagnostic and treatment modalities for bronchiolitis.
  • To identify potential changes in bronchiolitis phenotypes during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, cross-sectional study of children aged 1-24 months with bronchiolitis.
  • Data collected from emergency department visits between 2019 and 2021.
  • Statistical analysis included Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and gamma coefficient for trend analysis.

Main Results:

  • Bronchiolitis cases decreased by 75% from 2019 to 2020, returning to prepandemic levels in 2021.
  • Use of radiographs, steroids, and bronchodilators significantly decreased during the study period (P < .001).
  • Laboratory studies, viral testing, antibiotic use, and respiratory support remained largely unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic had minimal impact on the severity or resource utilization for bronchiolitis.
  • A clinical pathway discouraging steroid and bronchodilator use contributed to decreased utilization.
  • The pandemic may have revealed a distinct bronchiolitis phenotype, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
COVID-19bronchiolitispandemicpediatric emergency department

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