Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

1.6K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.6K
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

3.7K
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
3.7K
Vision01:24

Vision

53.5K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.5K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.2K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.2K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

594
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
594
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

681
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
681

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Curvature tuning in areas V2 and V4 of the developing macaque.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Responses of neurons in macaque V4 to object and texture images.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Emergence of a contrast-invariant representation of naturalistic texture in macaque visual cortex.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Variations in neuronal selectivity create efficient representational geometries for perception.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Neural Sensitivity to Radial Frequency Patterns in the Visual Cortex of Developing Macaques.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Visual factors that determine sensory uncertainty in rapid interceptive hand movements.

Journal of vision·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.3K

Shared mechanisms drive ocular following and motion perception.

Philipp Kreyenmeier1,2, Romesh Kumbhani3, J Anthony Movshon3,4

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9 Canada.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|October 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Human perception and eye movements for complex visual patterns shift from component to pattern direction as contrast changes. Ocular following responses reveal neural motion integration dynamics.

Keywords:
eye movementsocular followingpattern motionperception-action

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: An Accurate and Quantitative Approach to Study Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice
09:28

Author Spotlight: An Accurate and Quantitative Approach to Study Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

Published on: June 23, 2023

2.8K
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.3K
Author Spotlight: An Accurate and Quantitative Approach to Study Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice
09:28

Author Spotlight: An Accurate and Quantitative Approach to Study Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

Published on: June 23, 2023

2.8K
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding how the brain integrates visual information from complex patterns is crucial for explaining perception and eye movements.
  • The interplay between component features and overall pattern motion in visual processing remains incompletely understood.

Approach:

  • Simultaneously measured human perceptual direction estimates and ocular following responses (OFR) to moving plaids with varying grating contrasts.
  • Analyzed how changes in contrast ratios between component gratings influence early and late phases of OFR and perceptual reports.

Key Points:

  • When component grating contrasts were equal, both perception and eye movements tracked the overall plaid motion.
  • With unequal contrasts, early OFR and perception favored the high-contrast component's direction, shifting to pattern direction later.
  • This dynamic shift parallels neuronal response changes observed in primate MT neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular following responses exhibit a dynamic shift from component- to pattern-driven motion perception based on contrast.
  • OFR serves as a sensitive behavioral measure for the neural mechanisms underlying motion integration of complex visual stimuli.
  • Findings suggest OFR can provide insights into the trial-by-trial dynamics of neural motion integration.