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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

45.1K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
45.1K
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

40.6K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
8.4K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

1.7K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
1.7K
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

3.7K
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Development of the Surgical Implantation and Fixation of an Implanted Middle Ear Microphone, the "UmboMic," in Cadaveric Sheep.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
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Active deformation in the basal organ of Corti in gerbil.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Imaging the Aging Cochlea with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
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Imaging the Aging Cochlea with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 28, 2022

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A frame and a hotspot in cochlear mechanics.

C Elliott Strimbu, Lauren A Chiriboga, Brian L Frost

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |October 24, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    The cochlea

    Area of Science:

    • Auditory neuroscience
    • Mechanobiology
    • Cochlear mechanics

    Background:

    • Auditory sensation relies on nanoscale vibrations within the cochlea's organ of Corti complex (OCC).
    • Optical coherence tomography now allows observation of motion within the OCC.

    Conclusions:

    • The OCC frame shields most of the organ from sub-BF activity, crucial for active cochlear frequency tuning.
    • The reticular lamina (RL) not moving with sub-BF activity suggests hair cell stereocilia are protected from it.
    • The distinct motions of the hotspot and frame are key to the cochlea's frequency tuning capabilities.

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