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Age changes in lumbar zygapophyseal joints. Observations on structure and function.

J R Taylor, L T Twomey

    Spine
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Age-related changes in human lumbar zygapophyseal joints reveal distinct patterns in the anterior and posterior regions, linked to biomechanical functions like flexion and shearing forces.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Anatomy
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • The zygapophyseal joints in the human lumbar spine are crucial for spinal stability and movement.
    • Understanding age-related changes in these joints is essential for diagnosing and treating spinal conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate age-related structural and biomechanical changes in human lumbar zygapophyseal joints.
    • To correlate observed changes with specific biomechanical functions such as flexion and shearing.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of transverse sections from 61 human postmortem lumbar spines, spanning ages from fetal to 84 years.
    • Examination of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in different regions of the zygapophyseal joints.

    Main Results:

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    • The anterior, coronally oriented portion of the joint exhibits age changes related to flexion loading.
    • The posterior, sagittally oriented two-thirds show different changes, potentially due to shearing forces from multifidus muscle attachments.
    • Subchondral bone plate thickening, developed during maturity in response to flexion stress, persists into old age despite osteoporosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Lumbar zygapophyseal joint aging exhibits region-specific patterns reflecting distinct biomechanical roles.
    • These findings enhance our understanding of spinal joint degeneration and age-related functional decline.