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Understanding droplet breakup in a post-array device with sheath-flow configuration.

Shuzo Masui1, Yusuke Kanno1, Takasi Nisisako1

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Microfluidic post-array devices generate uniform emulsion droplets. This study reveals how flow rates and post geometry influence droplet size, enabling predictable, high-throughput emulsification.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Microfluidic post-array devices offer high-throughput generation of quasi-monodisperse emulsion droplets.
  • Predicting droplet size and the impact of post geometry in these devices remains a challenge, limiting their application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate droplet breakup mechanisms in microfluidic post-array devices.
  • To establish a predictive model for droplet size based on flow conditions and device geometry.
  • To enhance the understanding and application of post-array devices for emulsification.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-glass microfluidic devices using soft lithography.
  • Utilizing sheath-flow configurations for flexible tuning of dispersed and continuous phase flow rates.
  • Observing droplet breakup and measuring droplet diameters under various flow conditions.

Main Results:

  • Droplet size is significantly influenced by the volume ratio of dispersed to continuous phases.
  • An effective capillary number, incorporating emulsion viscosity and dispersed phase fraction, consistently describes experimental results.
  • Two distinct droplet breakup modes (obstruction and shear-induced) were identified, exhibiting power-law correlations.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a quantitative understanding of droplet breakup in post-array devices.
  • A power-law correlation effectively describes droplet generation characteristics, enabling prediction and control.
  • This work facilitates robust, high-throughput, and continuous emulsification using microfluidic post-array devices.