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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Current Approaches to Epigenetic Therapy.

Ekaterina D Griazeva1, Daria M Fedoseeva1, Elizaveta I Radion1

  • 1Federal State Budgetary Institution, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Pogodinskaya Str., 10, Building 1, Moscow 119121, Russia.

Epigenomes
|October 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic therapy offers new disease treatments using small molecules and innovative dCas9 or small non-coding RNA approaches. This review covers current research, applications, and limitations of epigenetic therapies.

Keywords:
DNAclinical trialsepigeneticsgene therapyhistonesinnovational drugsmodulationpharmacology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epigenetic therapy is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential for treating diverse diseases.
  • Current therapeutic strategies primarily involve small molecules, with some already in clinical use.
  • Emerging approaches utilize novel technologies like dCas9 and non-coding RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape in epigenetic therapy.
  • To discuss the established and emerging methodologies within epigenetic therapy.
  • To evaluate the future prospects and inherent limitations of epigenetic therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on epigenetic therapy.
  • Analysis of established pharmacological approaches using small molecules.
  • Exploration of innovative techniques including dCas9-based gene editing and small non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Small molecule epigenetic drugs represent the most clinically advanced therapeutic strategy.
  • dCas9-based systems and small non-coding RNAs are under active investigation for therapeutic potential.
  • The field is characterized by diverse approaches with varying stages of development.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic therapy holds considerable promise for treating a broad spectrum of diseases.
  • Further research is essential to overcome limitations and fully realize the potential of various epigenetic strategies.
  • The integration of pharmacological and novel molecular approaches may define the future of epigenetic medicine.