Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of MAPbX₃ -Based Perovskites (X=Cl, Br, I) for Photovoltaic Applications

This work mainly focuses on synthesizing and evaluating the efficiency of methylammonium lead halide-based perovskite (MAPbX₃ ; X=Cl, Br, I) solar cells. We used the colloidal Hot-injection method (HIM) to synthesize MAPbX₃ (X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites using the specific precursors and organic solvents under ambient conditions. We studied the structural, morphological and optical properties of MAPbX₃ perovskites using XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV-Vis, PL and TRPL (time-resolved photoluminescence) characterization techniques. The particle size and morphology of these perovskites vary with respect to the halide variation. The MAPbI₃ perovskite possesses a low band gap and low carrier lifetime but delivers the highest PCE among other halide perovskite samples, making it a promising candidate for solar cell technology. To further enrich the investigations, the conversion efficiency of the MAPbX₃ perovskites has been evaluated through extensive device simulations. Here, the optical constants, band gap energy and carrier lifetime of MAPbX₃ were used for simulating three different perovskite solar cells, namely I, Cl or Br halide-based perovskite solar cells. MAPbI₃ , MAPbBr₃ and MAPbCl₃ absorber layer-based devices showed ~13.7 %, 6.9 % and 5.0 % conversion efficiency. The correlation between the experimental and SCAPS simulation data for HIM-synthesized MAPBX₃ -based perovskites has been reported for the first time.