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Related Concept Videos

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Psychedelic use and psychiatric risks.

Otto Simonsson1,2,3, Simon B Goldberg4, Richard Chambers5

  • 1Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. otto.simonsson@ki.se.

Psychopharmacology
|October 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Naturalistic psychedelic use is linked to more unusual visual experiences. It may also increase psychotic symptoms in those with a family history of psychotic or bipolar disorders, but not in others.

Keywords:
HPPDPsychedelicsPsychoticRisksVisual

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Psychedelics show promise for treating psychiatric disorders.
  • Risks of naturalistic psychedelic use are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate associations between naturalistic psychedelic use and psychiatric risks.
  • Examine links to unusual visual experiences and psychotic symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Surveyed a US adult population sample (N=2822).
  • Assessed lifetime psychedelic use, visual experiences, and recent psychotic symptoms.
  • Used covariate-adjusted regression models.

Main Results:

  • Lifetime psychedelic use associated with more unusual visual experiences.
  • No direct association found between psychedelic use and recent psychotic symptoms.
  • Interaction observed: psychedelic use increased psychotic symptoms only with a family history of psychotic/bipolar disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Naturalistic psychedelic use may correlate with increased visual disturbances.
  • Individuals with a family history of psychotic or bipolar disorders may face higher risks for psychotic symptoms.
  • Further research with longitudinal designs and genetic data is recommended.