Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

316
Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured...
316
Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

142
The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx  and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
142
Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

99
Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...
99
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

140
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
140
Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

2.3K
When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
2.3K
Lossy Lines and Overvoltages01:22

Lossy Lines and Overvoltages

93
Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
Attenuation
When constant series resistance and shunt conductance are present, voltage and current equations are modified. The propagation constant indicates that voltage and current waves consist of both forward and backward traveling components. These waves attenuate as they propagate, with the attenuation factor related to the resistance and conductance. In a...
93

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium increases live birth rates in biopsied euploid blastocyst transfers.

F&S science·2026
Same author

Systems Pharmacology Approach to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Quantitative Framework for Biomarker Dynamics across Multi-Mechanistic Therapies.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

The Role of Estradiol in Oxidative Stress in Health and Cystathionine ß-Synthase Deficiency: A Mechanistic Model.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2026
Same author

Control of metabolism by hypoxia and starvation and the consequences for the pattern of ecdysone secretion in Manduca sexta.

The Journal of experimental biology·2026
Same author

In Silico Hypothesis Testing in Drug Discovery: Using Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling to Evaluate the Therapeutic Value of Proinsulin Conversion to Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Differential effects of synthetic estrogen on serum homocysteine levels before and after menopause.

PloS one·2025
Same journal

Hepatitis B virus spreading via Beddington-DeAngelis incidence function and feed-forward neural network with optimal control.

Journal of biological dynamics·2026
Same journal

Optimal pest management in Moringa (<i>Moringa oleifera</i>): a mathematical model incorporating integrated pesticide use.

Journal of biological dynamics·2026
Same journal

The behavioural spillover effect: modelling behavioural interdependencies in multi-pathogen dynamics.

Journal of biological dynamics·2026
Same journal

Bistable wave speed of a diffusive three-species Lotka-Volterra competition model.

Journal of biological dynamics·2026
Same journal

A general analytic approach to predicting the best antibiotic dosing regimen.

Journal of biological dynamics·2026
Same journal

Dynamics of virus infection under the influence of antibody and cytokine.

Journal of biological dynamics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K

Dynamical questions in volume transmission.

Allison Cruikshank1, H Frederik Nijhout2, Janet Best3

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Journal of Biological Dynamics
|October 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurons communicate non-synaptically via volume transmission, releasing neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine into extracellular space. This study mathematically models homeostatic mechanisms and neurotransmitter comodulation, exploring its impact on brain dynamics.

Keywords:
34A3737F4692C2092C40Volume transmissionbrainchemistrycomodulationdynamicsneuromodulation

More Related Videos

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
13:07

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

3.9K
Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
00:09

Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole

Published on: August 26, 2019

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K
Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
13:07

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

3.9K
Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
00:09

Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole

Published on: August 26, 2019

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Volume transmission involves neurotransmitter release into extracellular space, distinct from direct synaptic connections.
  • Key neurotransmitters like serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), histamine (HA), GABA, and acetylcholine (ACh) operate via volume transmission.
  • This process involves neurons releasing neurotransmitters from distant varicosities into extracellular fluid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and mathematically describe volume transmission.
  • Investigate homeostatic mechanisms governing neurotransmitter release in extracellular space.
  • Analyze the dynamics of neurotransmitter comodulation in specific brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of homeostatic mechanisms in volume transmission.
  • Analysis of neurotransmitter comodulation dynamics, focusing on serotonin-histamine and multi-neurotransmitter systems.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental data from brain regions like the striatum.

Main Results:

  • Developed mathematical models for two homeostatic mechanisms in volume transmission.
  • Investigated the complex dynamics arising from the comodulation of serotonin and histamine.
  • Examined the comodulation of four neurotransmitters in the striatum, comparing results to experimental findings.

Conclusions:

  • Volume transmission and neurotransmitter comodulation introduce novel dynamical questions in neuroscience.
  • Understanding these biochemical networks is crucial for elucidating their influence on brain electrophysiology.
  • Mathematical modeling provides a framework for exploring complex neuromodulatory interactions.