Comprehensive review of micro/nanostructured ZnSnO₃: characteristics, synthesis, and diverse applications

Generally, zinc stannate (ZnSnO₃) is a fascinating ternary oxide compound, which has attracted significant attention in the field of materials science due to its unique properties such high sensitivity, large specific area, non-toxic nature, and good compatibility. Furthermore, in terms of both its structure and properties, it is the most appealing category of nanoparticles. The chemical stability of ZnSnO₃ under normal conditions contributes to its applicability in various fields. To date, its potential as a luminescent and photovoltaic material and application in supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, biosensors, gas sensors, and catalysts have been extensively studied. Additionally, the efficient energy storage capacity of ZnSnO₃ makes it a promising candidate for the development of energy storage systems. This review focuses on the notable progress in the structural features of ZnSnO₃ nanocomposites, including the synthetic processes employed for the fabrication of various ZnSnO₃ nanocomposites, their intrinsic characteristics, and their present-day uses. Specifically, we highlight the recent progress in ZnSnO₃-based nanomaterials, composites, and doped materials for their utilization in Li-ion batteries, photocatalysis, gas sensors, and energy storage and conversion devices. The further exploration and understanding of the properties of ZnSnO₃ will undoubtedly lead to its broader implementation and contribute to the advancement of next-generation materials and devices.