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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Hearing01:31

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
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External Auditory Canal: Computed Tomography Analysis and Classification.

Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar1, Yasser Ahmed Fouad1, Ahmed Fouad Elgohary1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology
|October 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study provides crucial computed tomography (CT) measurements for the external auditory canal (EAC), detailing its dimensions and variations. Findings reveal significant differences in EAC size between males and females, aiding otologists and radiologists.

Keywords:
computed tomographyearendoscopic ear surgeryexternal auditory canalisthmus

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) details of the external auditory canal (EAC) are not fully documented in existing literature.
  • Preoperative assessment of the EAC is essential for surgical planning and procedures involving the ear canal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish comprehensive CT-based measurements and grading of the external auditory canal.
  • To identify and quantify variations in EAC dimensions not previously published.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CT scans from 100 temporal bones (200 sides).
  • Utilized multiplanar reformatted images (coronal and sagittal) from axial scans for detailed EAC evaluation.
  • Measured vertical and horizontal dimensions at EAC entry, bony-cartilaginous junction, isthmus, and medial end.

Main Results:

  • Established mean dimensions for the EAC at various points, with no significant side-to-side differences.
  • Identified statistically significant differences in EAC dimensions between males and females.
  • Males exhibited larger vertical and horizontal dimensions at the EAC entry, isthmus, and medial end compared to females.

Conclusions:

  • This research enhances the understanding of external auditory canal anatomical variations among different genders.
  • Provides valuable reference data for otologists and radiologists, particularly for training and preoperative planning.