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Advancements in CRISPR screens for the development of cancer immunotherapy strategies

Yan-Ruide Li1, Zibai Lyu1, Yanxin Tian1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Molecular Therapy Oncolytics
|October 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

CRISPR screens are revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy by identifying new targets in tumor and immune cells. This technology enhances anti-tumor immunity and advances cell-based therapies for better cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 technology allows for systematic gene function studies.
  • Cancer immunotherapy relies on understanding tumor-immune interactions and therapeutic targets.
  • CRISPR screens have emerged as powerful tools in cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of CRISPR screens in tumor cells for novel therapeutic target discovery.
  • To explore CRISPR screens in immune cells for advancing cell-based therapies.
  • To outline key components and future directions for immune-specific CRISPR screens.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale genetic screens using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.
  • Application of CRISPR screens in both tumor cells and various immune cells (T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages).
  • Analysis of gene function, biomarkers, and pathways regulating tumor immunity.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel targets to inhibit tumor growth and enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Discovery of genes and pathways crucial for overcoming immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Advancement of cell-based immunotherapies through insights gained from immune cell CRISPR screens.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR screens are instrumental in discovering therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
  • The technology significantly contributes to understanding and improving anti-tumor immunity.
  • Future research directions focus on optimizing immune-specific CRISPR screens for enhanced therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
NK cellsT cellscancer immunotherapychimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cellsclustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screengene discoverygenetic engineeringtumor immunology

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