Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

876
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
876
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

660
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
660
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

2.5K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
2.5K
Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:17

Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

875
Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical...
875
Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

1.1K
Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
1.1K
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

1.0K
Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of a pediatric dyspnea clinic management on patients with unexplained exertional dyspnea: cross-sectional assessment at three months.

Respiratory medicine and research·2026
Same author

A decrease in plant gain, namely CO<sub>2</sub> stores, characterizes dysfunctional breathing whatever its subtype in children.

Frontiers in physiology·2023
Same author

Diagnostic tests and subtypes of dysfunctional breathing in children with unexplained exertional dyspnea.

Pediatric pulmonology·2022
Same author

Salbutamol Worsens the Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction of Children With Sickle Cell Disease.

Frontiers in physiology·2020
Same author

Cross-sectional phenotyping of small airway dysfunction in preschool asthma using the impulse oscillometry system.

The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma·2020
Same author

Breathlessness despite optimal pathophysiological treatment: on the relevance of being chronic.

The European respiratory journal·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
11:34

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Published on: January 10, 2013

23.1K

Puzzled by dysfunctional breathing disorder(s)? Consider the Bayesian brain hypothesis!

Claudine Peiffer1

  • 1Dyspnea Clinic, Department of Physiology, University Children Hospital Robert Debré (AP-HP), Paris, France.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|October 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dysfunctional breathing disorders (DBD) present complex symptoms. This study proposes viewing DBD through the Bayesian brain hypothesis, offering a new perspective on symptom perception.

Keywords:
Bayesian brain hypothesisdysfunctional breathing disorderdyspneapredictive codingsymptom perception

More Related Videos

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

11.7K
Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
05:28

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

Published on: November 19, 2015

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
11:34

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Published on: January 10, 2013

23.1K
Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

11.7K
Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
05:28

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

Published on: November 19, 2015

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Growing clinical concern exists for dysfunctional breathing disorders (DBD).
  • DBD involves altered breathing patterns and symptoms like dyspnea, independent of organic disease.
  • The relationship between DBD symptoms and underlying mechanisms is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of DBD.
  • To propose a novel perspective on DBD symptom perception.
  • To introduce the Bayesian brain hypothesis as a framework for understanding DBD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on dysfunctional breathing disorders.
  • Application of the Bayesian brain hypothesis to conceptualize DBD symptoms.
  • Discussion of implications for understanding symptom perception in DBD.

Main Results:

  • Current understanding of DBD has limitations, particularly regarding symptom-mechanism relationships.
  • The Bayesian brain hypothesis offers a novel framework for understanding symptom perception.
  • This perspective may help resolve inconsistencies in DBD symptom presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunctional breathing disorders require innovative conceptual frameworks.
  • The Bayesian brain hypothesis provides a potent new model for understanding DBD.
  • Adopting this perspective can fundamentally change how we view and treat DBD symptoms.