Unsynchronous conformational transitions induced by the asymmetric adsorption-response of an active diblock copolymer...

To exploit the chemical asymmetry of diblock copolymer chains on the design of high-performance switch sensors, we propose an analytically tractable model system which contains an adsorption-responsive diblock copolymer in an otherwise inert brush, and study its phase transitions by using both analytical theory and self-consistent field calculations. The copolymer chain is chemically asymmetric in the sense that the two blocks assume different adsorption strengths, which is characterized by the defined adsorption ratio. We found that the conformation states, the number of stable phases, and transition types are mainly controlled by the length of each block and the adsorption ratio. In particular, when the length of the ungrafted block is longer than the brush chains, and the adsorption ratio is smaller than a critical value, the copolymer chain shows three thermodynamically stable states, and undergoes two unsynchronous transitions, where the two blocks respond to the adsorption in a different manner, when the adsorption changes from weak to sufficiently strong. For this kind of three-state transition, the transition point, transition barrier, and transition width are evaluated by using the self-consistent field method, and their scaling relationship with respect to the system parameters is extracted, which matches reasonably well with the predictions from the analytical theory. The self-consistent field calculations also indicate that the conformational transitions involved in the three-state transition process are sharp with a low energy barrier, and interestingly, barrier-free transitions are observed. Our finding shows that the three-state transitions not only specify a region where high performance unsynchronous switch sensors can be exploited, but may also provide a useful model understanding the unsynchronous biological processes.