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COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in children by age groups. A population-based study in Galicia, Spain

Narmeen Mallah1,2,3,4, Jacobo Pardo-Seco1,2,3, Sonia Ares-Gómez1,2,3

  • 1Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|October 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

mRNA vaccines offer moderate COVID-19 protection for children aged 5-11 but high protection for older children. Vaccine effectiveness declined over time, indicating a need for booster doses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Ongoing studies are evaluating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in pediatric populations.
  • Research is crucial to understand protection levels in different age groups and against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify VE against SARS-CoV-2 in children aged 5-11 and 12-17 years.
  • To analyze VE based on vaccine type, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and duration of protection.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based test-negative control study was conducted in Galicia, Spain.
  • VE was calculated using logistic regression models, with participants categorized by vaccination status (unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated).

Main Results:

  • Fully vaccinated 5-11 year olds showed 44.1% VE against Omicron.
  • Fully vaccinated 12-17 year olds had 83.4% VE against Delta and 74.8% VE against Omicron.
  • Both Comirnaty® and SpikeVax® demonstrated similar VE against Delta; Comirnaty® showed slightly higher VE against Omicron, though confidence intervals overlapped. VE declined over time.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 is moderate in 5-11 year olds and high in 12-17 year olds.
  • Declining VE over time suggests a potential need for booster vaccinations in pediatric populations.
  • Findings support ongoing vaccination strategies and highlight the importance of monitoring long-term protection.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US)DeltaOmicronSARS-CoV-2SpainSpikeVax® (ModernaTX, Inc)mRNA vaccinevaccine effectiveness

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