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Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life.

Kenneth F Ferraro1,2, Callie J Zaborenko1,2

  • 1Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.

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Summary

Discrimination impacts cognitive function differently based on its type. Everyday global discrimination is linked to poorer cognition, while racial discrimination

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Discrimination's impact on cognitive function in later life shows inconsistent findings.
  • Everyday discrimination is a significant stressor with potential long-term health consequences.
  • Understanding how different forms of discrimination affect cognitive trajectories is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between two types of everyday discrimination and cognitive function trajectories in older adults.
  • To determine if the frequency of discrimination predicts initial cognitive function and changes over time.
  • To examine how race and ethnicity moderate these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from 2008-2016.
  • Employed growth curve models to analyze cognitive function and its changes.
  • Measured everyday global discrimination and everyday racial discrimination at baseline.

Main Results:

  • Everyday global discrimination was associated with poorer initial cognitive function and slower cognitive decline.
  • These associations were consistent across racial and ethnic groups.
  • Everyday racial discrimination showed a different pattern, linked to better initial cognition in Black adults but not in Hispanic or White adults.

Conclusions:

  • Discrimination is a multifaceted phenomenon affecting cognitive function in diverse ways.
  • The type of discrimination and individual's race/ethnicity influence cognitive outcomes in later life.
  • Findings highlight the need for nuanced approaches to address discrimination's impact on cognitive aging.