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Congenital varicella causing neurogenic bladder and anal dysfunction.

G Katz, A Pfau

    Urology
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Maternal varicella zoster virus infection in pregnancy can cause congenital varicella syndrome. This case highlights a rare instance where only atonic bladder and anal dysfunction manifested, suggesting limited fetal neurological damage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal neurology
    • Maternal-fetal medicine
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) is a rare condition resulting from maternal infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) during pregnancy.
    • VZV infection during gestation can lead to a spectrum of congenital anomalies, including neurological and developmental deficits.
    • Previous reports often describe multiple congenital defects associated with CVS.

    Observation:

    • A case report of an infant diagnosed with congenital varicella syndrome is presented.
    • The infant's presentation was characterized solely by atonic bladder and anal dysfunction.
    • This contrasts with previously documented cases of CVS involving more extensive congenital malformations.

    Findings:

    • The infant's symptoms represent an atypical, limited manifestation of congenital varicella syndrome.
    • The observed phenotype suggests that maternal VZV infection may, in some cases, result in restricted neurological compromise in the fetus.
    • Atonic bladder and anal dysfunction can be the sole indicators of fetal VZV exposure.

    Implications:

    • Highlights the variability in fetal outcomes following maternal VZV infection.
    • Suggests that maternal varicella during pregnancy should be considered even with isolated lower urinary and bowel dysfunction in the neonate.
    • Warrants further investigation into the factors influencing the extent of neurological damage in congenital varicella syndrome.

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