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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Related Experiment Video

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System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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US Guidelines Fall Short on Short-Course Tuberculosis-Preventive Therapy.

Sonya Krishnan1, Richard E Chaisson1

  • 1Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|October 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Shorter tuberculosis-preventive therapy (TPT) regimens improve treatment completion. The US should adopt the 1-month rifapentine and isoniazid regimen, already part of global guidelines, for vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
1 month rifapentine and isoniazid1HPtuberculosis infectiontuberculosis preventive therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Global Health Security

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) prevention is crucial for global control, especially in vulnerable groups.
  • Shorter-course TB preventive therapy (TPT) regimens demonstrate high effectiveness and better patient adherence.
  • Current international guidelines recommend a 1-month regimen of rifapentine and isoniazid, but it is not yet standard in the US.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and adherence of shorter-course TPT regimens.
  • To advocate for the inclusion of the 1-month rifapentine and isoniazid regimen in US TPT guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TPT regimens.
  • Analysis of global and US TPT guideline recommendations.
  • Assessment of treatment completion rates for different TPT regimens.

Main Results:

  • Shorter-course TPT regimens, including the 1-month rifapentine and isoniazid option, are highly effective.
  • These shorter regimens significantly improve treatment completion rates compared to longer alternatives.
  • The 1-month rifapentine and isoniazid regimen is incorporated into global TB control strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The 1-month rifapentine and isoniazid TPT regimen offers a highly effective and well-tolerated option for TB prevention.
  • US TPT guidelines should be updated to include this regimen to enhance TB control efforts.
  • Adoption of this regimen can improve TPT completion among vulnerable populations in the United States.