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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Thomson's e/m Experiment

Thomson's e/m Experiment

In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Emission Spectra

Emission Spectra

When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Published on: July 2, 2012

Heavy-element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST.

Andrew J Levan^1,2, Benjamin P Gompertz^3,4, Om Sharan Salafia^5,6

¹Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. a.levan@astro.ru.nl.

|October 25, 2023

Summary

Observations of a bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) revealed a kilonova, indicating heavy element production. The James Webb Space Telescope detected tellurium and lanthanides, confirming GRBs create diverse r-process elements.

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Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

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Published on: May 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Astrophysics
Nuclear Astrophysics
Cosmology

Background:

Binary compact object mergers are key astrophysical events.
These mergers are linked to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), gravitational waves (GWs), and heavy element nucleosynthesis (r-process).

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the exceptionally bright GRB 230307A.
To investigate its association with compact object mergers and kilonova emission.
To determine the nucleosynthesis products and their role in cosmic heavy element production.

Main Methods:

Observations of GRB 230307A, a long-duration GRB associated with compact object mergers.
Mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Analysis of spectral emission lines and source color to identify synthesized elements.

Main Results:

GRB 230307A exhibited a kilonova similar to AT2017gfo.
JWST spectroscopy detected a 2.15-micron emission line, identified as tellurium (atomic mass 130).
The source was very red, emitting primarily in the mid-infrared due to lanthanide production.

Conclusions:

GRB-associated kilonovae are significant sites for r-process nucleosynthesis.
Nucleosynthesis in GRBs produces r-process elements across a wide atomic mass range.
These events play a central role in the universe's heavy element budget.