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Gluten-related Disorders From Bench to Bedside
Claire L Jansson-Knodell1, Alberto Rubio-Tapia1
1Celiac Disease Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Summary
Differentiating celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy is crucial for proper patient management. This review compares these gluten-related disorders to aid clinical diagnosis and care.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Allergology
Background:
- Wheat- and gluten-containing foods trigger symptoms in several conditions.
- Celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy are common examples.
- Clinical differentiation between these entities can be challenging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare and contrast celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy.
- To aid clinicians in accurately diagnosing patients with gluten-related disorders.
- To facilitate high-quality management and longitudinal care for affected individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review comparing diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations.
- Analysis of key differentiating factors for each condition.
- Synthesis of current understanding of pathophysiology and clinical manifestations.
Main Results:
- Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten.
- Non-celiac gluten sensitivity involves adverse reactions to gluten without autoimmune markers.
- Wheat allergy is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to wheat proteins.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of gluten-related disorders.
- Understanding the distinctions aids in tailored patient management.
- This review provides a framework for clinicians to differentiate these conditions.
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